英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1主语(subject)句子说明的人或事物。
Thesunrisesintheeast(名词)
Helikesdancing(代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory(数词)
Seeingisbelieving(动名词)
Toseeistobelieve(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2谓语(predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish
Heisasleep
3表语(predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher(名词)
Fiveandfiveisten(数词)
Heisasleep(形容词)
Hisfatherisin(副词)
Thepictureisonthewall(介词短语)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost(形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome(表语从句)
(常见的系动词有be,sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉)
Itsoundsagoodidea
Hervoicesoundssweet
Tomlooksthin
Thefoodsmellsdelicious
Thedoorremainsopen
4宾语:
1)动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina(名词)
Hehatesyou(代词)
Weneedtwo(数词)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor
Ienjoyworkingwithyou(动名词)
Ihopetoseeyouagain(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday
Givethepoormansomemoney
5宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor(名词)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere(名词)
Wewillmakethemhappy(形容词)
Wefoundnobodyin(副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome介词短语)
Don’tlethimdothat(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning(现在分词)
I’llhavemybikerepaired(过去分词)
6主补:对主语的补充。
Hewaselectedmonitor
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson
7定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Yanlingisachemistryteacher(名词)
Heisourfriend(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld(数词)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson(形容词)
Themanoverthereismyoldfriend(副词)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister(介词)
TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2(现在分词)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow(过去分词)
Ihaveanideatodoitwell(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo(定语从句)
8状语:用来修饰v,adj,adv,或者句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom
Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather
HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam
Ilikesomeofyouverymuch
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam
Hegoestoschoolbybike
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell
基本句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语+谓语Shecame./Myheadaches
主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish
主语+系动词+表语Sheishappy.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry.
TheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassageThere+beThereliesabookonthedesk
分析下列句子成分
1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome
2Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3Allofusconsideredhimhonest
4Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes
5Hebrokeapieceofglass
6Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes
9Theypushedthedooropen、
10Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight